BrokenGrass

Padma River

2005-04-04T21:22:00.000-07:00

Main channel of the Ganges River below its bifurcation into the Bhagirathi and Padma rivers in extreme western Bangladesh. Flowing southeastward, the Padma receives the mighty Jamuna (Brahmaputra) River near Rajbari and then continues southeastward through central Bangladesh to join the Meghna River through a channel 2 miles (3 km) wide, known as the Kirtimasa. The

Biblical Literature, The content of Acts

2005-04-04T05:42:00.000-07:00

The outline of Acts can be roughly divided into two parts: the mission under Peter, centred in Jerusalem (chapters 1–12); and the missions to the Gentiles all the way to Rome (cf. chapter 1, verse 8), under the leadership of Paul (chapters 13–28). The earlier sections deal with the Jerusalem church under Peter and the gradual spread of the gospel beyond Jewish limits (in chapters 10–11, for example,

Sundance Kid

2005-04-03T09:59:00.000-07:00

Harry Longabaugh left home when he was 15 and took his nickname from the town of Sundance, where

Williams, Betty

2005-04-03T00:16:00.000-08:00

Williams, an office worker and wife and mother, took little part in public life until August 1976, when she witnessed an incident that moved her to speak out. An Irish Republican Army terrorist was shot by British

Canada Goose

2005-04-02T16:22:00.000-08:00

(species Branta canadensis), a brown-backed, light-breasted goose with black head and neck and white cheeks that flash when the bird shakes its head before taking wing. It belongs to the family Anatidae (order Anseriformes). The subspecies vary greatly in size, from 1.3 kg (3 pounds) in the cackling goose (B. canadensis minima), to about 8 kg (20 pounds)

Cartilage

2005-04-01T16:15:00.000-08:00

Dense connective tissue forming the skeleton of mammalian embryos before bone formation begins and persisting in parts of the human skeleton into adulthood. Cartilage is the only component of the skeletons of certain primitive vertebrates, including lampreys and sharks. It is composed of a dense network of collagen fibres embedded in a firm, gelatinous ground

Sea Cucumber

2005-04-01T08:13:00.000-08:00

Any of the 1,100 species of marine invertebrates constituting the class Holothuroidea (or Holothurioidea) of the phylum Echinodermata. The soft, cylindrical body, 2 to 200 cm (about 3/4 inch to 6 1/2 feet) long and 1 to 20 cm (0.4–8 inches) thick, usually is a dull, dark colour and often warty, thus resembling a cucumber. The internal skeleton is reduced to numerous distinctively

Saigo Takamori

2005-03-31T20:56:00.000-08:00

Original name Kichibe , or Kichinosuke , literary name Nanshu a leader in the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate who later rebelled against the weaknesses he saw in the Imperial government that he had helped to restore. Although his participation in the restoration made him a legendary hero, it also, to his mortification, relegated his samurai class to impotence.

Annelid

2005-03-30T01:58:00.000-08:00

General overviews of annelids can be found in R. Phillips Dales, Annelids, 2nd ed. (1967), a semipopular account; D.T. Anderson, Embryology and Phylogeny in Annelids and Arthropods (1973); P.J. Mill (ed.), Physiology of Annelids (1978), a review; Robert D. Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 4th ed. (1980), ch. 10, “The Annelids,” pp. 263–341; R.O. Brinkhurst, “Evolution in the Annelida,” Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60(5):1043–59 (1982), a summary of current scholarship; Donald J. Klemm (ed.), A Guide to the Freshwater Annelida (Polychaeta, Naidid and Tubificid Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea) of North America (1985), on ecology and taxonomy; and Vicki Pearse et al., Living Invertebrates (1987), ch. 16, “Annelid Body Plan,” and ch. 17, “A Diversity of Annelids,” pp. 387–437. For information on polychaetes, see Kristian Fauchald, The Polychaete Worms: Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families, and Genera (1977); Kristian Fauchald and P.A. Jumars, “The Diet of Worms: A Study of Polychaete Feeding Guilds,” Oceanography and Marine Biology, 17:193–284 (1979); and Albrecht Fischer and Hans-Dieter Pfannenstiel (eds.), Polychaete Reproduction: Progress in Comparative Reproductive Biology (1984), a collection of symposium papers. For oligochaetes, see R.O. Brinkhurst and B.G.M. Jamieson, Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World (1971); C.A. Edwards and J.R. Lofty, Biology of Earthworms, 2nd ed. (1977); and O. Giere and O. Pfannkuche, “Biology and Ecology of Marine Oligochaeta: A Review,” Oceanography and Marine Biology, 20:173–308 (1982). See also the proceedings of three international symposia on aquatic oligochaete biology: R.O. Brinkhurst and David G. Cook (eds.), Aquatic Oligochaete Biology (1980); G. Bonomi and C. Erséus (eds.), Aquatic Oligochaeta (1984); and R.O. Brinkhurst and R.J. Diaz (eds.), Aquatic Oligochaeta (1987). For leeches, see Kenneth J. Muller, John G. Nicholls, and Gunther S. Stent (ed.), Neurobiology of the Leech (1981); and Roy T. Sawyer, Leech Biology and Behaviour, 3 vol. (1986), an extensive overview.

Argentina, The Pampean zone

2005-03-29T21:26:00.000-08:00

The Pampas occupy a transitional area between high summer temperatures to the north and cooler summers to the south. Buenos Aires, located on the northern edge of the Pampas, has a climate similar to that of cities in the southeastern United States, with hot, humid summers and cool, mild winters. The range of mean temperatures for summer months (December to February)

Fariña, Richard; And Fariña, Mimi

2005-03-27T23:22:00.000-08:00

Mimi Fariña's original name Margarita Mimi Baez American husband-and-wife folksinging duo who were significant figures in the folk music revival of the 1960s. Richard, also a novelist, was killed in a motorcycle accident just after the publication of his first novel, Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up to Me (1966; filmed

Naguib, Muhammad

2005-03-27T02:47:00.000-08:00

A professional soldier, Naguib distinguished himself during the Egyptian defeat at the hands of Israel (1948) and won the respect of the Free Officers, a nationalist military group led by Gamal Abdel Nasser. In 1952 the Free

Zapopan

2005-03-27T02:24:00.000-08:00

City, north-central Jalisco estado (“state”), west-central Mexico. It is in the temperate Guadalajara Valley, at an elevation of 5,243 feet (1,598 m) above sea level, 4.5 miles (7 km) northwest of Guadalajara, the state capital. It is a commercial and manufacturing centre for the surrounding area that produces grain (principally corn [maize]), sugarcane, cotton, and fruits and vegetables. Livestock

Sano

2005-03-26T19:14:00.000-08:00

City, Tochigi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the Watarase River, a tributary of the Ione River. Sano is surrounded by low hills and occupies a plain, a plateau, and alluvial lowlands. Sano was a castle town during the Middle Ages and a post town and market centre during the Tokugawa era (1603–1867). Industry developed after the late 19th century, and the city now produces concrete, roof

Road Race

2005-03-26T01:59:00.000-08:00

Usually, all contestants

Fichtel Hills

2005-03-25T14:46:00.000-08:00

German Fichtelgebirge , Czech Smrciny mountains in northeastern Bavaria Land (state), southeastern Germany. They lie at the Czech border between the Franconian Forest in the northwest, the Ore Mountains (in German, Erzgebirge; in Czech, Krušné Hory) in the northeast, and the Upper Palatinate Forest (a section of the Bohemian Forest) in the south. The rectangular plateau of the Fichtel Hills forms a watershed

Fu-ping

2005-03-24T22:34:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Fubing, peasant “militia” system established in China around the 6th century AD. The fu-ping was first begun by the short-lived Western Wei (535–556/557) and Northern Chou (557–581) dynasties in North China in an effort to prevent incursions by the nomadic tribes of Central Asia. Groups of peasants were given military training and organized into armed companies in which they were required to participate

C.v.o.

2005-03-24T19:56:00.000-08:00

Commander of the Royal Victorian Order, member of the third highest class of a British order of knighthood, although this rank does not confer knighthood. See Royal Victorian Order.

Aryabhata

2005-03-24T11:25:00.000-08:00

First unmanned Earth satellite built by India. It was named for a prominent Indian astronomer and mathematician of the 5th century AD. The satellite was assembled at Peenya, near Bangalore, but was launched from within the Soviet Union by a Russian-made rocket on April 19, 1975. Aryabhata weighed 794 pounds (360 kilograms) and was instrumented to explore conditions in the Earth's ionosphere,

Ku Yen-wu

2005-03-22T22:27:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Gu Yanwu one of the most famous of the Ming dynasty loyalists, whose rationalist critiques of the useless book learning and metaphysical speculations of the neo-Confucian philosophy (that had been the underpinning of the Chinese empire for almost 1,000 years) started a new trend in scholarship during the Ch'ing

Switzerland, Urban Switzerland

2005-03-22T05:47:00.000-08:00

Some cities in Switzerland originally developed around monasteries, as did St. Gall, or around Roman settlements, as in the case of Zürich and Lausanne. Within the Alps of Vaud, Vevey and Montreux were sited on small deltas jutting into Lake Geneva that provided flat land near the mountainous north shore; in the Alps of Ticino, Locarno and Ascona developed on the delta

Indre River

2005-03-20T20:30:00.000-08:00

River, west-central France, a left-bank tributary of the Loire River. Rising on the northern flanks of the Massif Central, it flows 165 miles (265 km) northwestward through Indre and Indre-et-Loire départements, joining the Loire northwest of Chinon and draining a basin of about 5,200 square miles (13,500 square km). It flows exclusively through agricultural regions, crossing La Châtre, and

Fisher, Morris

2005-03-20T16:38:00.000-08:00

At the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp, Fisher, apparently feeling the pressure of the competition in the three-position free rifle event, took 20 minutes before firing his first shot at the target, which was placed 300 m away. Although he missed the mark, he was close enough to score points.

Gogunda, Battle Of

2005-03-19T05:37:00.000-08:00

Also called Battle Of Haldighat, battle fought in Rajasthan, northwestern India, between Pratap Singh of Mewar, the senior Rajput chief, and a Mughal army led by Raja Man Singh of Jaipur. It represented an attempt by the Mughal emperor Akbar to subdue the last of the independent chiefs of Rajasthan. Pratap Singh made a stand at the pass of Haldighat, about 12 miles (19 km) from the fortress of Gogunda, and northwest of

Cima Da Conegliano, Giovanni Battista

2005-03-18T01:49:00.000-08:00

Italian painter of the Venetian school whose style was marked by its use of landscape and by airy, luminous colour. Probably a pupil of Bartolomeo Montagna, a minor painter of Vicenza, he was later influenced by the poetic and colouristically sensitive style of Giovanni Bellini, the great Venetian master of the late 15th and

Terminalia

2005-03-17T16:56:00.000-08:00

Genus of about 200 species of trees of the family Combretaceae. Some species are commercially important for products such as gums, resins, and tanning extracts. T. arjuna, of Southeast Asia; T. hilariana, of tropical America; T. obovata, of the West Indies and South America; and T. superba, of West Africa yield woods used for cabinetwork, tools, and boat construction.

Swat River

2005-03-17T05:05:00.000-08:00

River in northern Pakistan, formed by the junction of the Gabrial and Ushu rivers at Kalam in the Kohistan region. Fed by melting snow and glaciers and receiving the drainage of the entire Swat River valley, the river flows southward, then westward, until joined by the Panjkora River. The united stream then flows southwestward into the Peshawar Plain and joins the Kabul River

Landsat

2005-03-16T14:59:00.000-08:00

Byname of Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) any of a series of unmanned U.S. scientific satellites. The first three Landsat satellites were launched in 1972, 1975, and 1978. These satellites were primarily designed to collect information about the Earth's natural resources, including the location of mineral deposits and the condition of forests and farming regions. They were also equipped to monitor atmospheric and oceanic

Belyayev, Pavel

2005-03-15T06:14:00.000-08:00

Belyayev began training as a fighter pilot in 1943 and saw combat against the Japanese late in World War

Dominant

2005-03-14T22:05:00.000-08:00

Chords based on the dominant had a strong tendency to move to the tonic chord, and the key built

Coke, Thomas

2005-03-14T19:57:00.000-08:00

Coke was ordained an Anglican priest in 1772 and served as curate at South Petherton, Somerset, from 1772 to 1776. After meeting Wesley, however,

Cellophane

2005-03-13T19:40:00.000-08:00

In the manufacturing process, an alkaline

Biblical Literature, The Deuteronomic theology of history

2005-03-12T08:29:00.000-08:00

The Deuteronomic “theology of history” shows through very clearly in Judges: unless the people of the Covenant remain faithful and obedient to Yahweh, they will suffer the due consequences of disobedience, whether it be an overtly willful act or an unthinking negligence in keeping the Covenant promise. The Deuteronomist worked out a formula for his theology of

Kwangsi

2005-03-12T02:48:00.000-08:00

In full Chuang Autonomous Region of Kwangsi, Chinese (Wade-Giles) Kuang-hsi Chuang-tsu Tzu-chih-ch'ü, (Pinyin) Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, autonomous region located in southern China. It is bounded by the Chinese provinces of Yunnan on the west, Kweichow on the north, Hunan on the northeast, and Kwangtung on the southeast, and by Vietnam and the Gulf of Tonkin on the southwest. It covers an area of 85,100 square miles (220,400 square kilometres). Nan-ning, the capital, is about 75 miles (121 kilometres) southwest of the region's geographic

Tyri, Lake

2005-03-10T00:03:00.000-08:00

Lake, Buskerud fylke (county), southeastern Norway, in the Ringerike (q.v.) region. Irregular in shape, it ranges up to 20 miles (32 km) in length and 10 miles in width, attains a maximum depth of 922 feet (281 m), and has an area of 52 square miles (134 square km). The Begna (river) flows southward into the lake, which is then drained by the Dramselva (river), which empties into Drams Fjord, a branch of Oslo Fjord.

Puelche

2005-03-09T19:17:00.000-08:00

Little is known of the Puelche prior to the

Jackson, Mahalia

2005-03-09T07:59:00.000-08:00

Jackson was brought up in a strict religious atmosphere. Her father's family included several entertainers, but she was forced to confine her own musical activities to singing in the church choir and listening—surreptitiously—to recordings

Ligne, Charles-joseph, Prince De

2005-03-09T00:49:00.000-08:00

The son of Claude Lamoral, prince de Ligne, head of a family long established in Hainaut

Ibarra

2005-03-08T18:29:00.000-08:00

In full San Antonio De Ibarra, city, north-central Ecuador, situated in an Andean valley at an elevation of 7,300 feet (2,200 m), within the Ecuadorian Lake District. It was founded in 1606 by the soldier Cristóbal Torre, a representative of Miguel de Ibarra, the president of the royal audiencia of Quito (a judicial–legislative body), and was named for him. Though largely destroyed by an earthquake in 1868, it has retained much

Argos

2005-03-08T16:08:00.000-08:00

The name Argos (adjectival form Argive) apparently signified an agricultural plain and was applied to several districts in ancient Greece. Historically, the Argolis was the easternmost portion of the Peloponnesian peninsula, and the city

Saba'

2005-03-07T02:41:00.000-08:00

Biblical Sheba kingdom in pre-Islamic southwestern Arabia, frequently mentioned in the Bible (notably in the story of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba) and variously cited by ancient Assyrian, Greek, and Roman writers from about the 8th century BC to about the 5th century AD. Its capital, at least in the middle period, was Ma'rib (q.v.), which lies 75 miles (120 km) east of present-day San'a', in Yemen. A second

Hungary, Ethnic and religious structure

2005-03-05T22:40:00.000-08:00

From its inception in the 11th century, the Kingdom of Hungary was a multi-ethnic country. Major territorial changes made Hungary ethnically homogenous after World War I, however, and more than nine-tenths of the population is now ethnically Hungarian and speaks Hungarian (Magyar) as its mother tongue. The Hungarian language is classified as a member of the Ugric branch

Usnisavijaya

2005-03-05T22:18:00.000-08:00

Tibetan Gtsug-tor-rnam-par rgyal-ma popular Buddhist goddess in Nepal, Tibet, and Mongolia. Her name in Sanskrit means “victorious goddess of the usnisa,” the last-named object being the protuberance on the top of the Buddha's skull. She wears an image of the Buddha Vairocana in her headdress and is described as residing in the cellar of the caitya (“shrine”). She may be identified by the small figure of Buddha seated

China, Social, political, and cultural changes

2005-03-04T16:44:00.000-08:00

The years from the 8th century BC to 221 BC witnessed the painful birth of a unified China. It was a period of bloody wars and also of far-reaching changes in politics, society, and intellectual outlook.

Levinson, Salmon Oliver

2005-03-04T16:01:00.000-08:00

Levinson practiced law in Chicago from 1891 and became noted for his skill in reorganizing the finances of distressed corporations. In an article in the New Republic, March 9, 1918, he argued that violence by nation-states should be declared illegal.

Christian, Fletcher

2005-03-03T06:34:00.000-08:00

A member of a family that had moved from the Isle of Man to Cumberland, Eng., Christian had already served some years in the navy when, in 1787, he became master's mate on the Bounty, a discovery ship sailing (Dec. 23, 1787) from Spithead to the South Seas to collect breadfruit

Xavier, Saint Francis

2005-03-02T21:34:00.000-08:00

Spanish San Francisco Javier, or Xavier the greatest Roman Catholic missionary of modern times, who was instrumental in the establishment of Christianity in India, the Malay Archipelago, and Japan. In Paris in 1534 he pronounced vows as one of the first seven members of the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits

Kamanja

2005-03-01T00:45:00.000-08:00

Also called kemanche , or kamanche stringed instrument of the fiddle family prominent in Arab and Persian art music. It is a spike fiddle; i.e., its small, round or cylindrical body appears skewered by the neck, which forms a “foot” that the instrument rests on when played. Measuring about 30 inches (76 cm) from neck to foot, it has a membrane belly and, commonly, two to four strings tuned in fourths or fifths. The musician,

Table Tennis

2005-02-28T07:18:00.000-08:00

In the years between the biennial world championships, attention focused on regional events, the largest of which were the European championships. At the 19th staging of this tournament, in Birmingham, England, during March-April 1994, Jean-Michel Saive of Belgium became the new European men's singles champion by defeating Olympic gold medalist Jan-Ove Waldner of Sweden

Burgess, Hugh

2005-02-28T01:38:00.000-08:00

Little is known of his early life. In 1851 he and Watt developed a process in which pulpwood was cut into small chips, boiled in a solution of caustic alkali at high temperature and pressure in a closed container,

Magnus Vi

2005-02-27T10:05:00.000-08:00

Magnus succeeded his father, Haakon IV Haakonsson, in 1263 and quickly made peace with the Scottish king Alexander

Philikí Etaireía

2005-02-26T19:30:00.000-08:00

(Greek: Friendly Brotherhood), Greek revolutionary secret society founded by merchants in Odessa in 1814 to overthrow Ottoman rule in southeastern Europe and to establish an independent Greek state. The society's claim of Russian support and the romance of its commitment (each member swore “irreconcilable hatred against the tyrants of my country”) brought thousands

Estonia, Relief and drainage

2005-02-26T11:45:00.000-08:00

The Estonian landscape is largely the product of glacial activity; the south is covered with moraine hills, and the central part abounds in elongated hills with flat tops. The northern part of Estonia is characterized by long narrow swells consisting of deposits left by glacial rivers that formed during the melting of ice. Extensive sandy areas mark what was once

Rembrandt

2005-02-25T20:06:00.000-08:00

Another cluster of talented pupils worked with Rembrandt around 1640: Gerbrand van den Eeckhout (1621–74) from Amsterdam; Carel Fabritius (1622–54), later a leading painter in Delft; and Samuel van Hoogstraten (1627–78) of Dordrecht, later better known for his art theory, Inleyding tot de hooge schoole der schilderkonst (1678; “Introduction to the High School of Painting”). Each of these made his own variation

Philikí Etaireía

2005-02-24T05:16:00.000-08:00

The monkeys

Arabia, Oman

2005-02-23T19:25:00.000-08:00

The Al-Hajar mountain range is divided into Eastern Al-Hajar and Western Al-Hajar. The range, which exceeds a height of 9,000 feet in places, differs from other Arabian coastal highlands in being steep on both sides. Plains at the foot of the mountains fall away almost imperceptibly from the numerous towns of interior Oman to the Rub' al-Khali basin. No mountains bar Oman's

Transylvanian Rug

2005-02-23T14:59:00.000-08:00

Also called Siebenbürger rug any of the large numbers of floor coverings found in the churches of Transylvania (part of Romania), to which they had been donated by pious families. Some of these rugs are of Turkish manufacture, survivals of a massive importation centuries ago. Turkey is generally assumed to be the source of all Transylvanian carpets, but certain similarities of technique, weight,

Heiberg, Johan Ludvig

2005-02-22T11:11:00.000-08:00

Playwright, poet, literary historian, and critic whose romantic idealism in a sense epitomized the Danish Romantic school, which he helped bring to an end when he established a new era of topical, sophisticated, and satirical literature. Heiberg also introduced both Hegelian philosophy and vaudeville, or ballad opera,

Sun Company, Inc.

2005-02-22T10:57:00.000-08:00

The company was incorporated in 1971 as the successor to a New Jersey oil and gas business incorporated in 1901. The earlier company had been formed as the Sun Oil Company of Ohio in 1886. In 1975 the Sun Company was restructured into 14 separate business units to provide flexibility in expanding

Trailok

2005-02-21T16:06:00.000-08:00

Trailok's father, King Borommaracha II (1424–48), named him heir apparent in 1438, and even as a small boy he was named the king's deputy in the important northern

Volcano, Lava domes

2005-02-21T02:22:00.000-08:00

Landforms of this sort consist of steep domal mounds of lava so viscous that the lava piles up over its vent without flowing away. The rock types that form lava domes are generally andesites, dacites, or rhyolites. Somehow these viscous lavas have lost much of their gas content in prior eruptions or by slow rise to the surface. Even so, it is not unusual for an actively

Magnus Ii Eriksson

2005-02-20T00:46:00.000-08:00

The son of Ingeborg, daughter of the Norwegian king Haakon V, and of Duke Erik, brother of the Swedish king Birger Magnusson, Magnus was

Biochemistry

2005-02-18T00:55:00.000-08:00

Study of the chemical substances and processes that occur in plants, animals, and microorganisms and of the changes they undergo during development and life. It deals with the chemistry of life, and as such it draws on the techniques of analytical, organic, and physical chemistry, as well as those of physiologists concerned with the molecular basis of vital processes.

Visayan

2005-02-17T18:30:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Bisayan, any of three cultural-linguistic groups of the Philippines—Cebuano, Hiligaynon, and Samaran (qq.v.).

Permafrost, Types of ground ice

2005-02-17T17:23:00.000-08:00

The ice content of permafrost is probably the most important feature of permafrost affecting human life in the north. Ice in the perennially frozen ground exists in various sizes and shapes and has definite distribution characteristics. The forms of ground ice can be grouped into five main types: (1) pore ice, (2) segregated, or Taber, ice, (3) foliated, or wedge, ice, (4) pingo ice,

Swan

2005-02-16T04:37:00.000-08:00

Largest waterfowl species of subfamily Anserinae, family Anatidae (order Anseriformes). Most swans are classified in the genus Cygnus. Swans are gracefully long-necked, heavy-bodied, big-footed birds that glide majestically when swimming and fly with slow wingbeats and with necks outstretched. They migrate in diagonal formation or V-formation at great heights:

Perry, Lilla Cabot

2005-02-15T09:54:00.000-08:00

Lilla Cabot was a descendant not only of the Boston Brahmin Cabot family but also of the equally distinguished Lowells. In 1874 she married Thomas Sergeant

Costigan, Edward Prentiss

2005-02-14T20:03:00.000-08:00

Costigan spent most of his youth in Colorado, where his parents moved in 1877. He graduated from Harvard University in 1899 and began his law practice in Denver the next year. His interest in good government led him to join nonpartisan

Chase Manhattan Corporation, The

2005-02-14T04:54:00.000-08:00

The firm originated in the final days of the 18th century. On April 2, 1799, at the urging of such civic leaders as Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton (later noted rivals), the New York state legislature chartered the Manhattan Company to build a water supply system for New York City. The original

Tiwanaku

2005-02-13T10:25:00.000-08:00

Some scholars date the earliest remains found at the site to the early part of the Early Intermediate Period (c. 200 BC–AD 200); others suggest that the culture is evident in artifacts

Hafiz Ibrahim, Muhammad

2005-02-12T20:02:00.000-08:00

Hafiz was a lawyer and later a lieutenant in the Egyptian army, from which he retired in 1901. During the next 10 years he wrote his well-known odes denouncing imperialism and wrote his nationalistic poems. His superb skill as a reciter of poetry won him a prominent place in society, and he became director of literature

Buldana

2005-02-12T17:25:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Buldhana, city, northern Maharashtra state, western India, on the Penganga River. Buldana is situated in the Buldana-Yeotmal plateau of the Deccan, at an elevation of 2,119 feet (646 m). Its climate is considerably cooler than that of most of the other communities of the Berar region. Primarily a regional administrative centre with little industry, it has several colleges affiliated with the

Abu Sir

2005-02-11T02:34:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Abusir,

Abbe, Cleveland

2005-02-10T16:25:00.000-08:00

Trained as an astronomer, he was appointed director of the Cincinnati (Ohio) Observatory in 1868. His interest gradually turned to meteorology, however, and he inaugurated a public weather service that served

Visigothic Art

2005-02-10T15:30:00.000-08:00

Artistic style produced in southern France and Spain under the Visigoths, who ruled the region between the 5th and the 8th century AD. The style is largely the result of local Roman traditions combined with Byzantine influences. The effect of Germanic metalworking techniques is also seen in the decorative arts, but the ornamentation of these pieces, most notably a collection

Radishchev, Aleksandr Nikolayevich

2005-02-09T04:06:00.000-08:00

Radishchev, a nobleman, was educated in Moscow (1757–62), at the St. Petersburg Corps of Pages (1763–66), and at Leipzig, where he studied law (1766–71). His career as a civil servant brought him into contact with people from all social strata. Under the influence

Fiedler, Arthur

2005-02-08T17:51:00.000-08:00

Maestro of the Boston Pops Orchestra for 50 seasons and the best-selling classical conductor of all time; his recordings with the Pops sold some 50,000,000 discs. (The Pops Orchestra is the Boston Symphony minus its principal players.) Fiedler, whose principal aim was “to give audiences a good time,” led the Pops in performances of popular tunes, show

Shensi, The people

2005-02-08T10:29:00.000-08:00

The people are nearly all Han (Chinese) and speak the Northwest Mandarin dialect. Some Hui (Chinese Muslim) communities remain in the south and northwest of the province. Most of the population is settled in the Wei and Han valleys; the uplands are more sparsely settled. The chief cities are Sian, Pao-chi, Hsien-yang, T'ung-ch'uan, and Han-chung. Other cities include An-k'ang,

Allston, Washington

2005-02-06T22:59:00.000-08:00

Painter and author, commonly held to be the first important American Romantic painter. Allston is known for his experiments with dramatic subject matter and his use of light and atmospheric colour. Although his production was small, it shaped future American landscape

Andersonville

2005-02-06T22:36:00.000-08:00

In the summer of 1863 the U.S. federal authorities ended an agreement

Anti-saloon League

2005-02-06T07:42:00.000-08:00

The leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century. It was founded as a state society in Ohio in 1893, but its influence spread rapidly, and in 1895 it became a national organization. It drew most of its support from Protestant evangelical churches, and it lobbied at all levels of government for legislation to prohibit the manufacture

Kamarhati

2005-02-04T00:18:00.000-08:00

City, east-central West Bengal state, northeastern India. It lies just east of the Hooghly River and is part of the Calcutta urban agglomeration. The city's major industries include jute and cotton milling, leather tanning, and the manufacture of rubber goods, cement, pottery, and paint. It contains a group of temples, called Rani Rasmani's Nabaratna, that are dedicated to

Pyrrhotite

2005-02-03T03:26:00.000-08:00

Iron sulfide mineral (Fe1–xS) in the niccolite group; in it, the ratio of iron to sulfur atoms is variable but is usually slightly less than one. It commonly is found with pentlandite and other sulfides in silica-poor igneous rocks, as at Kongsberg, Nor.; Andreas-Berg, Ger.; Trentino, Italy; and Sudbury, Ont. The variety troilite, with a composition near that of iron sulfide (FeS), is

Leaching

2005-02-02T19:31:00.000-08:00

In geology, loss of soluble substances and colloids from the top layer of soil by percolating precipitation. The materials lost are carried downward (eluviated) and are generally redeposited (illuviated) in a lower layer. This transport results in a porous and open top layer and a dense, compact lower layer. The rate of leaching increases with the amount of rainfall,

Cord Moss

2005-02-02T11:06:00.000-08:00

Any of the plants of the genus Funaria (order Bryales), distinguished by the spirally twisted seta (stalk) of the capsule (spore case). More than 100 species of Funaria are found in many habitats throughout the world, especially on limestone or recently burned areas. About nine species are present in North America; the most common is F. hygrometrica, which

Judaism, In eastern Europe

2005-02-01T23:34:00.000-08:00

By the mid-18th century Orthodoxy in eastern Europe, having been convulsed by frantic messianism and stifled by the sterility of purely legalistic scholarship, was ripe for revival. The experience of Shabbetaianism (the first messianic movement to excite virtually all of world Jewry) had revealed in the mid-17th century the pervasiveness of Jewish exhaustion with

Plasma, Extraterrestrial forms

2005-01-31T15:25:00.000-08:00

It has been suggested that the universe originated as a violent explosion about 10 billion years ago and initially consisted of a fireball of completely ionized hydrogen plasma. Irrespective of the truth of this, there is little matter in the universe now that does not exist in the plasma state. The observed stars are composed of plasmas, as are interstellar and interplanetary

Juárez

2005-01-30T23:10:00.000-08:00

The city's historic buildings include the Guadalupe mission

Locust Bird

2005-01-30T06:41:00.000-08:00

Any of various African birds that eat grasshoppers and locusts, especially the black-winged pratincole (see pratincole). In India the rose-coloured starling is called locust bird.

Bulgaria, Flag Of

2005-01-29T22:36:00.000-08:00

In the 14th century the coat of arms of Tsar Ivan Shishman, the most powerful Bulgarian ruler, was a lion represented in gold on a red shield. This design was incorporated in some early Bulgarian revolutionary flags raised against the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. Nevertheless, the national flag was derived from a different source—the ethnic association of Bulgarians

Philadelphus

2005-01-29T20:39:00.000-08:00

Genus of deciduous shrubs of the family Hydrangeaceae, including the popular garden forms commonly known as mock orange (from its characteristic orange-blossom fragrance) and sweet syringa. Philadelphus, comprising about 65 species, is native to northern Asia and Japan, the western United States, the southern Atlantic coast of the United States, and Mexico. These

Christensen, Benjamin

2005-01-27T05:10:00.000-08:00

Christensen began his career as an opera singer in 1902 but later became an actor and then a director. By 1913 he was known as the writer, star, and director of a film exploring the unknown, Det Hemmeligheds fulde X (The Mysterious X), his first investigation of the horror of

Alinsky, Saul (david)

2005-01-26T15:25:00.000-08:00

After college training in archaeology and criminology, Alinsky worked as a criminologist in Illinois for eight years. In 1938, he undertook his first community organizing campaign in a working-class area of Chicago; the result

Fabricius Ab Aquapendente, Hieronymus

2005-01-26T06:34:00.000-08:00

He spent most of his life at the University of Padua, where he studied under the eminent anatomist Gabriel Fallopius. As Fallopius' successor to the chair of surgery and anatomy (1562–1613), Fabricius built a reputation that attracted students from

Gabon, Health and welfare

2005-01-25T10:42:00.000-08:00

Health facilities remain inadequate, particularly outside the Libreville area, despite improvements during the 1970s and '80s. The government provides nearly all health care services. The internationally known hospital operated by Albert Schweitzer at Lambaréné from 1924 to 1965 receives government assistance. Malaria, sleeping sickness, tuberculosis, syphilis, and other

Hale, Sarah Josepha

2005-01-25T07:17:00.000-08:00

Sarah Josepha Buell married David Hale in 1813, and with him she had five children. Left in financial straits by her husband's death in 1822, she embarked on a literary career. Her poems were printed over the signature

Metalogic

2005-01-24T09:01:00.000-08:00

The study and analysis of the semantics (relations between expressions and meanings) and syntax (relations among expressions) of formal languages and formal systems. It is related to, but does not include, the formal treatment of natural languages. (For a discussion of the syntax and semantics of natural languages, see the articles linguistics and semantics.)

Neoglaziovia

2005-01-24T01:19:00.000-08:00

The leaves of N. variegata, a reedlike plant, are up to 1.2 m (4 feet) long. They contain a fibre known as caroa, which is used to make rope, fabric, netting, and packing material.

Acanthaceae

2005-01-22T23:56:00.000-08:00

One of 18 families in the figwort order of flowering plants (Scrophulariales), containing approximately 250 genera and at least 2,500 species distributed predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The greater part of the Acanthaceae family are herbs or shrubs, but climbers (vines) and trees occur as well. The range of habitats extends from marshes to extremely

Chaney, Lon

2005-01-22T18:06:00.000-08:00

Chaney's skills as a silent-film actor were honed during his childhood, when he learned to communicate with his deaf-mute parents through facial expression, pantomime, and sign

BrokenGrass

Padma River

Biblical Literature, The content of Acts

Sundance Kid

Williams, Betty

Canada Goose

Cartilage

Sea Cucumber

Saigo Takamori

Annelid

Argentina, The Pampean zone

Fariña, Richard; And Fariña, Mimi

Naguib, Muhammad

Zapopan

Sano

Road Race

Fichtel Hills

Fu-ping

C.v.o.

Aryabhata

Ku Yen-wu

Switzerland, Urban Switzerland

Indre River

Fisher, Morris

Gogunda, Battle Of

Cima Da Conegliano, Giovanni Battista

Terminalia

Swat River

Landsat

Belyayev, Pavel

Dominant

Coke, Thomas

Cellophane

Biblical Literature, The Deuteronomic theology of history

Kwangsi

Tyri, Lake

Puelche

Jackson, Mahalia

Ligne, Charles-joseph, Prince De

Ibarra

Argos

Saba'

Hungary, Ethnic and religious structure

Usnisavijaya

China, Social, political, and cultural changes

Levinson, Salmon Oliver

Christian, Fletcher

Xavier, Saint Francis

Kamanja

Table Tennis

Burgess, Hugh

Magnus Vi

Philikí Etaireía

Estonia, Relief and drainage

Rembrandt

Philikí Etaireía

Arabia, Oman

Transylvanian Rug

Heiberg, Johan Ludvig

Sun Company, Inc.

Trailok

Volcano, Lava domes

Magnus Ii Eriksson

Biochemistry

Visayan

Permafrost, Types of ground ice

Swan

Perry, Lilla Cabot

Costigan, Edward Prentiss

Chase Manhattan Corporation, The

Tiwanaku

Hafiz Ibrahim, Muhammad

Buldana

Abu Sir

Abbe, Cleveland

Visigothic Art

Radishchev, Aleksandr Nikolayevich

Fiedler, Arthur

Shensi, The people

Allston, Washington

Biblical Literature, The Deuteronomic theology of history